Ex-Convicts Face Multiple Labor Market Punishments: Estimates of Peer-Group and Stigma Effects Using Equations of Returns to Schooling

We produced a data set from a survey of a population of convicts in probation. We combined this new data set with an official data set from the Brazilian government to study labor market discrimination faced by ex-convicts. We were interested in estimating two potential effects of discrimination, statistical (stigma) and behavioral (peer-group) effects. Our econometric results suggest that stigmatization leads to a 39% reduction in the wage earned by ex-convicts relative to the wage earned by non-convicts. They also suggest that the peer-group effect accounts for a reduction in the relative earnings of ex-convicts of 1.1% per year of study. In addition, we also show that ex-convicts earn 3.1% less per year of experience than non-convicts.Stigma Effect, Peer Effect, Crime Rate, Returns to Schooling, Wage Discrimination

Endometrioma and infertility, review of alternative therapies

La mejor evidencia respecto al manejo de los endometriomas en infertilidad se encuentra en las diferencias de las técnicas quirúrgicas para su tratamiento .La cirugía excisional laparoscópica (cistectomía) de los endometriomas ofrece ventajas frente a las demá

Renormalization of Coulomb interaction in graphene: computing observable quantities

We address the computation of physical observables in graphene in the presence of Coulomb interactions of density-density type modeled with a static Coulomb potential within a quantum field theory perturbative renormalization scheme. We show that all the divergences encountered in the physical quantities are associated to the one loop electron self-energy and can be determined without ambiguities by a proper renormalization of the Fermi velocity. The renormalization of the photon polarization to second order in perturbation theory - a quantity directly related to the optical conductivity - is given as an example.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Field-Assisted and Thermionic Contributions to Conductance in SnO2 Thick-Films

A deep analysis of conductance in nanostructured SnO2 thick films has been performed. A model for field-assisted thermionic barrier crossing is being proposed to explain the film conductivity. Themodel has been applied to explain the behavior of resistance in vacuum of two sets of nanostructured thick-films with grains having two well-distinct characteristic radii (R = 25nm and R = 125 nm). In the first case the grain radius is shorter than the depletion region width, a limit at which overlapping of barriers takes place, and in the second case it is longer. The behavior of resistance in the presence of dry air has been explained through the mechanism of barrier modulation through gas chemisorption.Fil: Malagú, C.. Universita Di Ferrara; ItaliaFil: Carotta, M. Cristina. Universita Di Ferrara; ItaliaFil: Martinelli, Giuliano. Universita Di Ferrara; ItaliaFil: Ponce, Miguel Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Miriam Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Aldao, Celso Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; Argentin

Evaluation of colorimetric changes in the Itaquera granite of the Ramos de Azevedo Monument, São Paulo, Brazil

10 páginas, 6 figurasItaquera Granite, as a building stone material, was widely used in the early 20th century for the construction of buildings and monuments in the centre of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The color variation of the Itaquera Granite of the Ramos de Azevedo Monument was monitored for two years and these data were compared with those obtained for fresh stone originated from a historic quarry. The oxidation of iron-rich minerals present in this granite, coupled with pollution (high levels of O3), biological colonization, leaching of bronze, and the dissolution and reprecipitation of mortar, causes colorimetric changes in the stone. Measurements were also performed on zones of the monument with pathologies. Two statistical Canonical Biplot analyses were made on the data of chromatic coordinates monitored (L*, a*, b*, C* and H*): orientation/year and orientation/pathologies. The results obtained for the chromatic variation in the monument are primarily related to yellowing caused by deposition of atmospheric pollutants and weathering of iron-rich minerals.FAPESP (Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo) for granting the master’s scholarship (proj. no. 2011/03728-0) and research grant (proj. no. 2009/02519-8)Peer reviewe

Case Study: Application of the Observational Method Using High Strain Dynamic Tests

In-situ High Strain Dynamic Testing (HSDT) was developed more than 40 years ago. When a hammer or drop weight strikes the top of a pile, a compressive stress wave travels down its shaft at a speed that is a function of the elastic modulus and mass density. The impact induces a force and particle velocity at the top of the pile that can be measured using accelerometers and strain gauges. This paper discusses the theory behind using HSDT instruments and the procedures to calculate the capacity of the pile. The role of selecting the proper instrument to record them is also discussed. Finally, a case history involving the use of HSDT as an instrument for the observational method is presented

An update of the worlds of wine: The emerging countries' influence

The article re-categorises two concepts widely used in the literature of wine, old world and new world. It generates a new classification of the world of wine in terms of the up-to-date paths of production, consumption, and global trade expansion in the last decades: emerging countries competing with developed countries. While determining the temporal and geographical location of the major transformations that happened in the wine industry in the last six decades, the article opens the discussion for a better and updated characterisation of the worlds of wine. It is imperative to compare and examine wine countries within their structural local and global economic and competitive context; it is then relevant to use a 21st-century classification like the one this article proposes (developed versus emerging countries) rather than a 20th-century characterisation (old world versus new world) when describing, analysing, and defining the worlds of wine.Fil: Villanueva, Emiliano C.. Eastern Connecticut State University; Estados UnidosFil: Ferro, Gustavo Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad del Cema; Argentin

Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia

Em Coimbra os contextos tardo-antigos eram, até ao momento, pouco ou mesmo nada conhecidos. Contudo, face à importância da cidade antiga e ao que se conhecia para a vizinha Conimbriga, supunha-se que esta ausência poderia ser apenas aparente. Um estudo mais circunstanciado do que resultou das últimas intervenções arqueológicas realizadas no espaço do Museu Nacional de Machado de Castro, assim como o reexame de outras mais antigas (mediante a análise de um lote de materiais ainda não estudado), veio comprovar isso mesmo. Apresentam-se, assim, os dados dos ainda parcos contextos tardios identificados nesta notável área arqueológica, de onde provém um conjunto de espólio característico e que poderá fornecer as primeiras pistas acerca da ocupação e dinâmica comercial de Aeminium entre a segunda metade do século IV e os inícios do século VI.Until now very little or nothing was known about Late Antiquity contexts in the city of Coimbra. However, the importance of the old city and what is known about the neighboring Conimbriga led us to assume that this absence was merely apparent. This hypothesis was proved true, after a more detailed study of data from the last archaeological interventions at the Museum Machado de Castro and the reexamination of unstudied lots of materials from earlier interventions at the same site. This text presents the data from the few Late Antiquity contexts identified in this remarkable archaeological area. The materials collected are characteristic from the second half of the 4th century and early 6th century AD and they provide the first clues about the commercial dynamics of Aeminium in that period